期刊视角的近代上海名医文化效应研究

以中国近代中医药期刊为主视角,以近代中医名家为研究主体,探讨近代上海名医文化区域特征。近代上海名医多家学渊源,国学功底深厚,以文会友,在期刊阵营中思想活跃;上海为近代中医药期刊创刊的主阵地,名医办刊办学,刊学相辅,使中医教育呈现出师承、家学、院校、函授等多种模式相结合的发展趋势。生逢乱世的近代上海名医,将中医的命运与民族命运紧密相连,注重扶持民族企业,研发自主品牌,这标志着近代中医民族品牌意识开始觉醒。近代上海名医具有传统中医的特色,深受江南地域文化影响,又注重吸收和借鉴西方医学,形成了异彩纷呈的海派特色。     

国内住培中医患沟通研究现状的分析与思考

目的通过文献计量法分析国内住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)中关于医患沟通的研究现状,为提高住培过程中医患沟通能力提出建设性对策。方法应用文献检索策略,在中文期刊全文数据库搜索并导出自2000年1月1日—2020年2月29日以来有关住培中医患沟通的全部文献,以文献标题、发表时间和研究内容等构建Excel数据库,并进行统计分析。结果查到住培相关医患沟通的相关文献共70篇,均于2009年以后发表,文献研究数量逐年增加;文献作者所在地域分布不均匀;作者单位主要以大学附属医院为主;文献多出自于教育类、临床类和管理类期刊;文献的研究方法主要以理论论述为主,缺乏干预性研究;文献的被引次数较低,文献质量相对较差;文献的研究内容主要对医患沟通的重要性、内涵建设、现状与挑战和提高医患沟通措施方面进行了阐述。结论医患沟通培训在住培中并未受到充分重视,需在住培期间加强医患沟通教育,培养医患沟通能力,为创建新型医患关系奠定坚实的基础。     

上海市徐汇区45~55岁居民动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险的影响因素分析

背景　动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）是我国居民健康的首要威胁，也是我国居民的首要死亡原因，占城市居民的41.8%，占农村居民的44.8%。家庭医生及其团队对社区中年人群相关风险因素的调研评估、干预及综合管理，可尽早预防ASCVD的发生发展。目的　调查上海市徐汇区45~55岁居民ASCVD风险因素，为日后对相关人群开展针对性的健康干预提供参考意见和建议。方法　采集2019年1-5月在上海市徐汇区枫林街道社区卫生服务中心门诊就诊、信息平台留存准确个人资料（性别、年龄、联系电话）及在本单位体检留存生理、生化数据〔身高、体质量、BMI、血压和血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及空腹血糖（FPG）〕的530例居民的信息。采用电话回访或现场面对面调查，参照《中国成人血脂异常防治指南（2016年修订版）》中“总体心血管危险评估”相关章节内容定义ASCVD 风险，同时基于社区实际情况，将评估低危和中危人群归为ASCVD低风险组，高危和极高危人群归为ASCVD高风险组。采用多元Logistic逐步回归分析探究居民ASCVD风险的影响因素。结果　发放问卷530份，回收有效问卷502份，有效回收率为94.7%。ASCVD低风险组38例，ASCVD高风险组464例。ASCVD高风险组年龄、TG、FPG、男性比例、心脑血管病史比例、糖尿病史比例、高血压史比例、服用降压药史比例、服用调脂药史比例高于ASCVD低风险组（P<0.05）。多元Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示，≥50岁、TG≥1.5 mmol/L、FBG≥6.1 mmol/L、男性是居民ASCVD风险的危险因素（P<0.05）；服用调脂药史是居民ASCVD风险的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论　上海市徐汇区45~55岁居民ASCVD风险的主要可控危险因素是血脂（TG）及血糖的异常；不可控危险因素是年龄、性别。对于增龄、男性、合并脂代谢异常的居民更应关注ASCVD的风险并予以生活方式干预和调脂药规范使用指导。社区开展多重风险因素评估及管理对ASCVD的早期筛查、早期干预及治疗均非常重要，对家庭医生及其团队开展相关一、二级预防工作有指导借鉴意义。     

OK,Boomer, MD: The Rights of Aging Physicians and the Health of Our Communities

How do we balance the rights of aging physicians against the right of the public to competent health care? This version of a classic public health ethics dilemma is here now and likely to increase as the population ages. Peer review has long been the standard mechanism for assessing physician competence, but it is subjective and too easily subverted. New options are needed, both in medicine and throughout the professions, but they are challenging to implement. Physicians have an ethical obligation to protect the health of the public by acknowledging, assessing, and addressing the cognitive effects of aging on medical competence.     

Total and partial clinical inertia of general physicians with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Central Bosnia Canton

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to determine the frequency and predictive factors of partial (PCI) and total clinical inertia (TCI) of general physicians (GPs) in Central Bosnia Canton in the care of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Material and MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted with a prospective data collection. Total of 541 subjects of over 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus of both genders were included in the study. Total of 532 subjects completed the study. Questionnaires for physicians and patients and the Perceived Stress Scale were used, as well as anthropometric measurements and measurements of the glucose level in plasma, HbA1c, triglycerides, AST, ALT, creatinine and eGFR, which were examined on the day of study entry, after 6 months and after one year.ResultsTCI was 5.8% and PCI was 25.6%. Patients with poorly regulated glycaemia and elevated triglyceride levels had the highest probability of PCI and TCI. Patients with an unaccomplished targeted level of blood pressure were more likely to experience PCI. Patients treated by both an internist and a general physician were more likely to have TCI as compared to patients treated only by an internist.ConclusionsPatients with poor glycemic control experience PCI and TCI more often. In our study, referring to a diabetologist was observed as a non-inert procedure, which resulted in lower PCI and TCI, compared to studies where clinical inertia was defined only as non-intensification of medication therapy.     

Interleukin-34 drives macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype in autoimmune hepatitis

BackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, the abnormal immunological function is the main pathogenesis. Interleukin-34 is a newly identified cytokine that shares the same receptor as colony stimulating factor-1.MethodsWe used interleukin-34 knockout and wild-type mice in a Con A-induced hepatitis model and cocultured RAW264.7 macrophage cells with interleukin-34. We then detected associated inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels to elucidate the role of interleukin-34.ResultsIn this study, we found that the loss of interleukin-34 resulted in higher sensitivity to Con A-induced hepatitis. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were able to differentiate to the M2 phenotype upon interleukin-34 stimulation.ConclusionsWe conclude that interleukin-34 may protect the liver from Con A-mediated hepatitis by driving M2 macrophage polarization and suppressing inflammation.     

Expression and prognostic value of FOXP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BackgroundForkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) has been suggested as a prognostic marker in several malignant tumors. However, the significance of FOXP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of FOXP1 in normal esophageal tissue and ESCC and to analyze the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of FOXP1 in ESCC.MethodsFOXP1 was detected by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays containing tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 270 ESCC patients with oncological follow-up data.ResultsNormal esophageal tissues predominantly showed an exclusive nuclear FOXP1 (n-FOXP1) expression pattern, and no exclusive cytoplasmic FOXP1 (c-FOXP1) staining was found. In ESCC, the expression rates of exclusive n-FOXP1-positive, exclusive c-FOXP1-positive, both nuclear and cytoplasmic positive and complete negative were 14.4%, 28.9%, 10.4% and 46.3%, respectively. High n-FOXP1 expression was significantly correlated with decreased postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, elevated c-FOXP1 expression was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). High c-FOXP1 expression had an effect on shorter overall survival (OS) time, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that ESCC patients with high n-FOXP1 expression survived significantly longer than patients with low n-FOXP1 expression. Multivariate analysis confirmed that patients with high n-FOXP1 staining exhibit good prognosis and n-FOXP1 was an independent factor for ESCC prognosis.ConclusionsOur results suggest that FOXP1 plays an essential role in ESCC progression and prognosis and may be a useful biomarker for predicting survival.